(2015 figures) (distinct Monarchs)
As of 2015, the world has fifteen Kings and Queens reigning over 45 countries. Of all these, Queen Elizabeth the II is the only reigning Queen; she has monarchical authority over the sixteen of the Commonwealth nations.

(a.k.a. EU) (2016 figures)
There are 28 member countries in the European Union, the latest member of which is Croatia. The EU is largely urban, with sixteen cities having a population of one million or more, and 75% of the population living in an urban area.

(a.k.a. Ludwig van Beethoven)
Over the course of his life, Beethoven composed nine symphonies over the course of a twenty-four year period. After his death in early 1827, an estimated 20,000 Austrian citizens attended his public funeral.

(a.k.a. Presidents of the United States; a.k.a. Presidents of the United States of America; a.k.a. POTUS), (2016 figures) (including current)
As of this writing, there are five living United States Presidents — President Carter, President Clinton, President Obama, and the two Presidents Bush. At no point in U.S. history have their been more than six (6) living presidents, this circumstance having occurred three times.

(Carcharodon carcharias) (average; including developing rows)
A Great White Shark has 48 exposed teeth on their upper and lower jaws. Behind these exposed teeth are developing teeth — up to 300 in about 5 rows. The sharks will continuously lose and replace the exposed teeth throughout their lives.

(2016 figures) (sovereign states recognized by the UN only)
The continent of Africa includes 54 sovereign countries recognized by the United Nations as of 2016. It is the second-most populous continent in the world, with 1.1 billion inhabitants.

(a.k.a. Subs) (includes all types, all classes) (2015 figures)
The United States Navy maintains a fleet of 72 active submarines. A typical submarine goes to sea with a crew of about 140.